The 12 hallmarks of aging represent key biological processes that contribute to the gradual decline in cellular and organismal function over time. These hallmarks provide a framework for understanding how aging occurs and offer potential targets for interventions to promote healthy aging and longevity. Each hallmark reflects a distinct mechanism, from genomic instability and telomere shortening to mitochondrial dysfunction and chronic inflammation, all of which collectively drive the aging process and age-related diseases. The 12 hallmarks of aging have evolved from an initial framework of 9 biological processes to include systemic factors like inflammation and microbiome imbalances, with the current consensus recognizing them as interconnected drivers.
Currently, the 12 Hallmarks of Aging are:
- Genomic instability
- Telomere attrition
- Epigenetic alterations
- Loss of proteostasis
- Disabled macroautophagy
- Deregulated nutrient sensing
- Mitochondrial dysfunction
- Cellular senescence
- Stem cell exhaustion
- Altered intercellular communication
- Chronic inflammation
- Dysbiosis
Spermidine, a naturally occurring polyamine, has gained recognition as a powerful anti-aging compound capable of targeting all 12 hallmarks of aging. By stimulating autophagy, combating oxidative stress, and reducing inflammation, spermidine addresses the fundamental drivers of aging, offering a holistic approach to promoting longevity and healthy aging. Explore each hallmark to discover how spermidine plays a role in addressing it.
